Substance use disorders (SUD)
Unpacking substance use disorders
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Unpacking substance use disorders
Look no further than the news feed on your phone to see how many millions of lives substance use disorders (SUDs) touch every day. In 2022, 48.7 million people, or 17%, in the U.S. aged 12 or older had an SUD.1 While treatment and recovery plans are unique to each individual, the good news is that SUD is a treatable mental health disorder.2
When the brain is over stimulated from the chemicals in substances, it produces an intoxication, or a feeling of excitement, pleasure, or calm. Wanting more of that feeling reinforces more use of that substance, therefore creating a cycle to repeat the behavior.
Here are some examples of substances that activate the brain and create feelings of intoxication.3
Substance use refers to occasional use of drugs or alcohol. People can use substances without developing an SUD.
Substance use disorder, however, is a complex disease that involves an overpowering desire to use a substance despite harmful consequences. Repeated use creates a tolerance, which means more of the chemical is needed to feel good, even if it’s known to be unhealthy. Someone struggling with an SUD can also develop a physical and psychological dependence to substances,4 resulting in withdrawal symptoms (feeling sick, anxious, irritable, etc.) when the substance is stopped.5
There are a lot of reasons why people start using drugs or alcohol, and it’s different for each person. As mentioned earlier, SUD can affect anyone, of any background. But many reasons for substance use can be traced back to the below causes.6
1. To cause good feelings
2. To self-medicate
3. To improve performance
4. To experiment and fit in
Yes. Many people don’t realize that an SUD is the result of changes in the brain that make drug, tobacco, or alcohol use difficult to stop without sufficient support.7
In fact, using brain imaging, the American Psychiatric Association confirms that repeated substance use can change brain chemistry and brain function causing people “to have intense cravings, changes in personality, abnormal movements, and other behaviors.”8 The continued use of substances can disrupt and impair parts of the person’s life, like decision-making, behavior, memory, and more.9
Stigma and SUDs
It’s important that we move away from the public stigma that struggling with a substance is a choice or character flaw instead of what we know it to be — a chronic, treatable disorder.10 Many patients can recover and go on to lead healthy and productive lives.
What are ways I can help destigmatize substance use disorders?
Avoid placing blame. Remember that with SUDs, the brain chemistry and function have undergone changes which in turn reinforce the substance use itself. It isn’t that an individual doesn’t want to stop, it’s that it may be difficult to stop without adequate support.
Replace stigmatizing language to person-first. Meaning, a person is not an “addict” or “substance abuser”, a person has a substance use disorder. Focusing on the person not the condition conveys dignity and respect for the individual.11
Understand substance use disorders. They are chronic, treatable medical conditions. And much like ongoing health conditions such as diabetes or high blood pressure, there is evidence-based treatment that can lead to full recovery.
Every person has their own reason for overusing drugs or alcohol. Therefore, treatment doesn’t look the same for everyone. The most important thing is to find what works best for each individual.
Start with talking with a doctor or a trusted health adviser. Remember, it’s never too late to ask for help.
Treatment options can include:
REMEMBER: Substance use disorders are treatable. It’s often a challenging journey and it’s not unusual for it to involve relapse. But know that even if someone relapses, it’s not a sign of failure. Recovery is still possible.
Where to find support.
1 https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/reports/rpt42731/2022-nsduh-nnr.pdf
2 https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/
4 https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16652-drug-addiction-substance-use-disorder-sud
5 https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/criminal-justice/science-drug-use-resource-justice-sector
7 https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/addiction-substance-use-disorders
8 https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/stigma-discrimination#references
9 https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/addiction-substance-use-disorders
12 https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/understanding-drug-use-addiction
Florida Blue contracts with Lucet to provide behavioral health services.
ATLAS is an independent resource that can assist in finding addiction treatment support that will meet individual needs.
988 is the call number for the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, an independent company offering mental health counselling via phone call or text.
117200 0224